Django项目设计一个简单CRUD

在Django中实现一个学生类（Student）的CRUD（创建、读取、更新、删除）操作需要几个步骤，包括定义模型、创建视图、设置URL、以及配置模板。以下是一个基本的实现步骤：

1. 创建Django项目和应用

首先，确保你已经安装了Django，然后创建一个新的Django项目和应用：

django-admin startproject student_crud_project
cd student_crud_project
django-admin startapp students

2. 定义模型（Model）

在students/models.py中定义学生模型：

from django.db import models

class Student(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    email = models.EmailField()
    age = models.IntegerField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

2.1 配置MySQL数据库，在settings.py文件中配置DATABASES


DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'students',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'admin',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '3306',
    }
}

2.2 在自己创建的app的init文件中，这是默认数据库连接替换成pymysql的连接

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

3. 注册模型

在students/admin.py中注册模型以便在Django admin中管理：

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Student

admin.site.register(Student)

4. 创建和应用迁移

运行以下命令以创建和应用数据库迁移：

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

5. 创建表单（Form）

在students/forms.py中创建学生表单：

from django import forms
from .models import Student

class StudentForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Student
        fields = ['name', 'email', 'age']

6. 创建视图（Views）

在students/views.py中创建CRUD视图：

from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404, redirect
from .models import Student
from .forms import StudentForm

# List all students
def student_list(request):
    students = Student.objects.all()
    return render(request, 'students/student_list.html', {'students': students})

# Create a new student
def student_create(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = StudentForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return redirect('student_list')
    else:
        form = StudentForm()
    return render(request, 'students/student_form.html', {'form': form})

# Update an existing student
def student_update(request, student_id):
    student = get_object_or_404(Student, id=student_id)
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = StudentForm(request.POST, instance=student)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return redirect('student_list')
    else:
        form = StudentForm(instance=student)
    return render(request, 'students/student_form.html', {'form': form})

# Delete an existing student
def student_delete(request, student_id):
    student = get_object_or_404(Student, id=student_id)
    if request.method == 'POST':
        student.delete()
        return redirect('student_list')
    return render(request, 'students/student_confirm_delete.html', {'student': student})

7. 设置URL

在students/urls.py中设置URL路由：

from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.student_list, name='student_list'),
    path('create/', views.student_create, name='student_create'),
    path('<int:student_id>/update/', views.student_update, name='student_update'),
    path('<int:student_id>/delete/', views.student_delete, name='student_delete'),
]

然后在student_crud_project/urls.py中包含应用的URL：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('students/', include('students.urls')),
]

8. 创建模板

在students/templates/students/目录下创建以下模板文件：

student_list.html
student_form.html
student_confirm_delete.html

`student_list.html`

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Student List</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Students</h1>
    <ul>
        {% for student in students %}
        <li>
            {{ student.name }} - {{ student.email }} - {{ student.age }}
            <a href="{% url 'student_update' student.id %}">Edit</a>
            <a href="{% url 'student_delete' student.id %}">Delete</a>
        </li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
    <a href="{% url 'student_create' %}">Create New Student</a>
</body>
</html>

`student_form.html`

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Student Form</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Create/Update Student</h1>
    <form method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}
        {{ form.as_p }}
        <button type="submit">Save</button>
    </form>
    <a href="{% url 'student_list' %}">Cancel</a>
</body>
</html>

`student_confirm_delete.html`

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Confirm Delete</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Delete Student</h1>
    <p>Are you sure you want to delete "{{ student.name }}"?</p>
    <form method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <button type="submit">Delete</button>
    </form>
    <a href="{% url 'student_list' %}">Cancel</a>
</body>
</html>

9. 启动服务器

最后，启动Django开发服务器：

python manage.py runserver

现在，你可以通过访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/students/来查看和操作学生记录。

这就是在Django中实现学生类CRUD操作的基本步骤。你可以根据需要进一步扩展和自定义这些功能。